Dynamics of growth and seed production in the Siberian stone pine: The level and pattern of variation in characters

A statistical analysis of interannual variation in a set of vegetative and generative characters over 13 years has been performed to characterize the growth and seed production dynamics of the Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) in the southeast of the forest zone in western Siberia. The results have shown that the range of fluctuations in most of vegetative characters is ordinary and their distribution is close to normal. The range of fluctuations in many generative characters is enormous (from 0 to +∞), and the distribution of their values is usually skewed, with low values being recorded several times more frequently than high values. Most variable are the proportion of abortive cones and other characters that are determined mainly in the spring of the pollination year. These characters account for a very high level of variation in the total seed production.     

天然石材产品放射性水平及其防护管理

简介了我国天然石材产品中放射水平、分类控制使用的现状以及应用天然石材装饰室内所致辐射对人体健康产生的不良影响，提出了加强对天然石材产品使用过程中的监督、监测和管理的建议。     

不同填料人工湿地处理系统的净化能力研究

研究了沸石、沸石－石灰石、石灰石3种填料的人工湿导的净化能力。结果表明：（1）沸石和石灰石混合使用，不会降低沸石吸附氨氮的能力；（2）沸石可促使难溶性P的释放，使得石灰石吸附P被植物和微生物吸收利用；（3）沸石和石灰石发生了协同作用，对TN、TP的去除效果均好于其单独使用。     

反气相色谱法测定麦饭石对苯类的吸附

以麦饭石为吸附质，采用反气相色谱法测定了载气流量、麦饭石装柱质量和载气湿度对吸附等温线测定的影响，测定了苯等４种挥发性芳香类有机物在麦饭石颗粒上的吸附焓。结果表明，在水蒸汽存在的条件下，苯等４种挥发性有机物在麦饭石颗粒上的吸附能遵循理想气相色谱方程，且测得的吸附焓和其蒸发焓较接近。     

南京雨花石

南京出产的雨花石为天赐瑰宝，按照矿物岩石学可分为11类，可从岩石质地、艺术、科学、历史四个方面评价其价值。雨花石作为砾石、卵石主要是由河流作用形成的，而组成雨花石的原岩的成因各异，火山作用是最为重要的成因方式。雨花石可从产品销售以及发展旅游事业等方面加以利用，搞好规划开发利用时要注意保护资源。     

小型露天采石场爆破作业安全评价方法的探讨

应用安全检查表、事故树、作业条件危险性分析等方法对露天小型采石场爆破作业进行了分析评价,找出了导致爆破作业事故发生的可能因素及可采用的预防途径,为小型露天爆破作业事故的预防提供有益参考.     

Eco-efficiency in Portuguese companies of marble sector

The activities developed within an eco-efficiency project in mineral industries located in the largest area for marble extraction in Portugal, in Alentejo region, in the Estremoz – Borba and Vila Viçosa anticline are presented in this paper. The project was designed to apply the sustainability concept in seven companies of marble extraction and transformation. The adopted strategy used new cleaner production models together with sustainable value (SV) improvement, leading to the rationalization of the industrial process, the involvement of economic agents and the orientation of the management of production processes towards eco-efficiency. The challenge was to have the mineral industry managing efficiently the resources on which the business depends, according to sustainability principles. Different opportunities for improvement, related to the minimization of materials, water and energy use, were identified in the companies. Some proposals mainly related to social improvement and small and medium-sized enterprise competitiveness benefits were also selected and discussed. This approach allows the integration of sustainability at company's and region's levels by combining in the entrepreneurial activity the creation of wealth together with the environment protection and the achieving of social benefits. Highlights: The involvement of different stakeholders in the project (Eco-efficiency in Portuguese companies of marble sector) was positive in the discussion and search of solutions for companies. It is possible to involve marble extraction and processing companies in eco-efficiency improvement towards sustainability. Companies from the marble sector improved environmental and social performance and reduced the costs of their production processes by applying SV methodology.     

拱形抗滑桩墙支护结构体系模型试验相似材料研制

根据模型试验相似比尺和桩土间应力协调要求,用机制砂、河砂、水泥、石粉等配置了40组(每组6个)低强度、低弹性模量的圆柱形微混凝土相似材料试件.测试结果表明:微混凝土具有和原型混凝土大致相同的应力应变阶段和破坏模式,可以模拟原型结构的力学行为和变形、破坏特征.砂率和石粉取代率不同时,微混凝土试件的轴压强度和弹性模量在较大...     

路面径流生态阻控技术研究——以改性麦饭石透水沥青路面为例

为强化透水沥青路面对路面径流中氮、磷的控制效果,采用铁盐联合碱热技术制备了涂层负载改性麦饭石蓄水层集料,并运用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对改性后麦饭石集料的表面形态、特征和化学成分进行了表征.同时,通过静态吸附试验对TP的吸附效果及其作用机理进行了对比研究.最后将改性麦饭石作为蓄水层集料应用于透水沥青路面中,通过模拟降雨和周期蓄水试验探究其净化机制.结果表明:相比于天然麦饭石,铁盐联合碱改性麦饭石的表面性状发生了明显变化,最大饱和吸附容量明显提高,对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附容量分别从1.32 mg·g~(-1)和1.48 mg·g~(-1)提升到12.82 mg·g~(-1)和6.38 mg·g~(-1);降雨全过程中改性蓄水层路面对NH~+_4-N的整体去除效率可提高20%左右,对TP的净化效率至少可提高15%,蓄水阶段较模拟降雨阶段污染物的去除效果显著提高,改性后麦饭石蓄水层24 h后的出水水质均可达III类水标准,强化蓄水层和提高蓄水时间是提高路面径流净化效率的有效措施.因此,本实验中铁盐联合碱热技术制备的改性麦饭石可推荐用于海绵城市生态处理设施透水沥青路面中削减氨氮和总磷的污染负荷.     

燃煤型氟中毒区石煤氟的环境地球化学行为研究

通过对比典型剖面上的石煤及其风化发育的土壤的氟含量、流经石煤层的水与不经过石煤层的水的氟含量,研究石煤风化、淋溶时氟对土壤、地表水和农作物的影响。采集居民家中石煤、石煤燃后底灰、室内降尘、玉米、辣椒、水缸水和开水,分析其含氟量,研究石煤燃烧时氟的迁移富集机制。结果表明石煤的风化、淋溶虽导致土壤含氟量大幅升高但对地表水和新鲜粮食的含氟量无显著影响;石煤燃烧后释放出的氟污染室内玉米、辣椒和饮水,导致氟中毒流行。